Investigating the Significance of a Wooden Mug “Oshitenga” in the Aawambo Communities

Abstract

This research focuses on Oshitenga, a wooden mug used by the Aawambo communities in Namibia. Aawambo people predominantly located in the Northern part of Namibia especially from regions such as Oshikoto, Oshana, Omusati and Ohangwena.  Firstly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the significance of Oshitenga in the Aawambo communities. The research aimed to document the craftsmanship and cultural significance of Oshitenga, addressing the gap in written literature about its symbolic meaning. The significance of this artefact is explored through its cultural, historical, and social roles. One specific Oshitenga housed in the ethnographic collection of the National Museum of Namibia, prompted questions regarding its origin, use, and cultural value. This study pursued to address these questions by engaging museum staff and various Aawambo communities as informants in the study. The sample was comprised of seven (9) selected participants from the Aawambo communities. Moreover, the study used interviews and content analysis to collect data. Consequently, thematic analysis and document analysis was used to analyze the data. The study shed more light on the traditions of the Aawambo stemming from the use of Oshitenga and it revealed that Oshitenga plays a multifaceted role beyond its functional purpose as a drinking vessel. While its design and craftsmanship may vary, its significance as a cultural symbol remains constant, representing hospitality and unity. By examining the different forms of Iitenga (plural of Oshitenga) and the engravings applied, this study uncovers the traditions tied to the wooden mug and the values it represents in modern Aawambo society. Finally, the study recommends a consultative attitude that makes cultural education a priority.  to promote indigenous knowledge. Museums need to continue to engage communities to remain relevant by focusing on building and contributing to the narrative of cultural preservation, identity construction, and heritage transmission.